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- %C%@F:French.DemiBold,14@Outline Fonts
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- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@What Are Outline Fonts
- %JR%If you send a plain text file to a daisy wheel or dot matrix printer from !Edit or by using
- %JL%PipeDream’s printer drivers then the printer will use its own internal fonts to print your file. If
- %JR%you want to print text at any other size, with any other font or if you want to include drawings
- %JL%then you must print the file using the graphics mode of the printer. When the Archimedes was
- %JR%single tasking and ran under the ‘Arthur’ operating system, Acorn provided a set of
- %JL%‘Bit-mapped and Anti-aliased’ fonts. The results of using even the best screen dump
- %JR%programs was never satisfactory and the only way of getting a good quality print was by using
- a PostScript printer. Many people still have only these anti-aliased fonts.
-
- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@The New Font Manager
- %JR%About two years ago Acorn introduced outline fonts. To use them, besides buying some (new)
- %JL%outline fonts, you %H4%must%H4% install the new font manager (version 2.42) and RISC OS printer
- %JR%drivers (version 1.12). Both font manager and RISC OS drivers are included with Acorn’s
- %JL%DTP, Impression and Ovation. The font manager is provided as part of an Acorn starter kit
- %JR%(from Norwich Computer Services) or from the Electronic Font Foundry if you ask for it
- %JL%when buying a font pack. Another way of getting the new font manager (and Beebug’s
- %JR%SwissB font, the !PrinterPS and !PrinterDM printer drivers but not !PrinterLJ) is to pay £5.00
- %JL%for the Ovation demonstration disc. All the RISC OS drivers are on Acorn’s RISC OS 2.00
- %JR%Extras Disc and come with 4mation’s Poster. Colton include neither font manager nor printer
- drivers with PipeDream.
-
- %JR%With the new outline font manager, text on the screen is still bit-mapped but printing is done
- %JL%very differently. When printing, the font manager makes a high resolution line drawing (in
- %JR%memory—not on the screen) of the outline of every character using the smooth curves of
- %JL%!Draw; these outlines are filled. Using the new printer drivers, the printer then produces a dot
- %JR%pattern at the best resolution it can manage so that the final resolution of the printed character
- %JL%depends only on the printer. Nine pin printers such as the FX80 have a pin diameter of about
- %JR%1/80" so, even if the resolution is over 200 dots per inch, thin lines are at least that thick and
- %JL%tend to look ‘blotchy’. Laser printers (using !PrinterLJ) have a resolution of 300 dpi and a dot
- %JR%size to match. A good compromise is a 24 pin or ink jet printer. The Canon BJ-130 has 48
- %JL%jets which give a resolution of 360 dpi; it is an economically priced ink jet printer and a RISC
- OS driver is available from the Electronic Font Foundry (EFF).
-
- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@Types of Fonts
- %JR%Fonts may have a fixed spacing (like the typewriter font %H4%Courier%H4%) or be proportionally spaced.
- %JL%They may be plain (sans serif) or have rectangular (slab) or curly finishing strokes on the
- %JR%letters (serifed), they may look like joined up writing (script) or be suitable mainly for posters
- %JL%(decorative). Fonts can be upright (roman) or slanted (oblique); sometimes the slanted
- %JR%versions are more curved or serifed than the upright equivalent (italic). Finally, they may be
- %JL%thin or thick; on a scale of 1 to 9 the two most popular are medium (4) and bold (6). The full
- %JR%range is extra light, light, book, medium, demi bold, bold, extra bold, ultra bold and black.
- With all these parameters no wonder people feel overwhelmed by the choice.
- %P0%
-
- %JR%Fonts have been around since Caxton’s times but some fonts have become popular simply
- %JL%because they are good. Until recently, printing fonts from a desk top computer meant using
- %JR%Adobe’s PostScript language with a PostScript printer. Many of the fonts used for DTP look
- %JL%like Adobe’s fonts but they have been given a different name. If every character is the same
- %JR%width as the Adobe equivalent then the font is said to have the same metric and to be
- %JL%PostScript compatible with the Adobe font. Adobe registered the word PostScript as a
- %JR%trademark and licence other people to use their metrics; these Adobe fonts are now regarded
- %JL%as a standard. Ventura Publisher is a popular DTP for PCs and they have allocated a number
- %JR%(which is used by Acorn’s DTP, have a look at the dtp_config file) to match Adobe’s
- %JL%PostScript names. Generally, if two fonts are compatible with the same PostScript font, then
- %JR%they have the same metric and are completely interchangeable. For example, if you have only
- %JL%Beebug’s SwissB you can exchange files with someone who has only Acorn’s Homerton
- %JR%because they are both %H4%Helvetica%H4% (Ventura number 2) equivalents. In the paragraphs which
- follow, the Adobe name is in italics or oblique.
-
- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@What is a Good Range of Fonts
- %JR%Like screwdrivers, once you appreciate how to select exactly the right tool for the job, you can
- %JL%never have too many! However, as a minimum, you need a serifed and a sans serifed font
- %JR%both in roman and slanted (either oblique or italic) and each in medium and bold weights (that
- %JL%makes eight fonts in all). Acorn DTP and Impression include the serifed Trinity, %H4%Times%H4%, and
- %JR%the sans serifed Homerton, %H4%Helvetica%H4%, whereas Ovation includes the serifed Paladin, %H4%Palatino%H4%,
- and two sans serifed fonts SwissB, %H4%Helvetica%H4% and Vogue, %H4%Avant Garde%H4%.
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- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@Where to Get More Fonts
- %JR%Acorn and Beebug have said that they will be bringing out more fonts (about half a dozen or
- %JL%so different typefaces) but, apart from the fonts provided by DTP software houses (what’s
- %JR%happened to Tempest?), the only independent company which I can find who produce the full
- %JL%Latin 1 set (letters such as á ç î è and ö are essential to overseas users) and design to the full
- %JR%Acorn specification of ‘Hinting’ and ‘Scaffolding’ (more of this later) is the Electronic Font
- %JL%Foundry. If you count the name of the typeface once only so that all ten of EFF’s French,
- %JR%%H4%Lubalin%H4% %H4%Graph%H4%—light, book, medium, demi bold and bold in both upright and oblique—count
- %JL%as only one typeface, then EFF offer a range of over 30 ‘non-decorative’ typefaces, most of
- %JR%which are PostScript compatible. In addition to these they have a range of about 10
- decorative fonts, a MathGreek font and a set of symbols called Dingbats, %H4%Zapf%H4% %H4%Dingbats%H4%.
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- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@What to Get
- %JR%Once you have the minimum set of eight fonts what else should you buy? Well, it depends on
- %JL%your interests; if you are producing mainly textual articles then you will probably want some
- %JR%of the better known, well established, serifed and sans serifed fonts, if you are producing
- %JL%posters, letter headings or advertisements then you will need a good set of decorative fonts.
- Mathematics text needs Greek characters.
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- %JR%When deciding which typeface to use, think about who is going to read it. For example
- %JL%%H4%Helvetica%H4%, being sans serif, has a clean look and is particularly good for tabular data and for
- %JR%children—have a look at a dictionary or telephone directory—whereas most magazines, where
- %JL%text is left and right justified, use a serifed font such as %H4%Times%H4%. A fairly conventional
- %JR%combination is a bold sans serifed typeface such as %H4%Helvetica%H4% for subheadings and %H4%Times%H4% for
- %JL%justified body text—have a look at Archive. The reverse, sans serif for the body text, can be
- %JR%useful if you want the reader to accept your words as factual or authoritative such as in a
- %JL%company report. Have a look at newspapers, magazines, books, advertisements, letterheads,
- %JR%business cards, company reports and try to analyse how the different typefaces affect the way
- %H4%you%H4% perceive the document.
- %P0%
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- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@Mix & Match
- %JR%If you have only Ovation’s basic set then you should get the serifed EFF_Times, %H4%Times%H4%. If
- %JL%you have Impression or Acorn’s DTP then a good alternative to Homerton, %H4%Helvetica%H4%, which
- %JR%many people find more readable at small point sizes and for company reports is EFF_AG,
- %JL%%H4%Avant%H4% %H4%Garde%H4%. Large headlines look stark, even sensational, unless serifed; headlines in the
- %JR%Daily Mirror and Star are usually sans serif. A typeface which has somewhat more elaborate
- %JL%serifs than %H4%Times%H4% is NewSchbook, %H4%New%H4% %H4%Century%H4% %H4%Schoolbook%H4%. It is suitable for large headlines
- and is used in some text books as body text; Acorn have an equivalent called NewHall.
-
- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@Non-Decorative Fonts
- %JR%Once you have a set of fonts such as those above you might look at Oxford, %H4%Optima%H4%, which,
- %JL%although sans serif, has a slightly curved outline that gives a touch of elegance. You will find
- %JR%many advertisements and letter headings use either %H4%Optima%H4% or, increasingly, Sulików,
- %JL%%H4%Bauhaus%H4%, which, even to the untrained eye has an upmarket style. English, %H4%Univers%H4% is
- %JR%popular as an alternative to %H4%Avant Garde%H4% for a sans serif body text. French, %H4%Lubalin%H4% %H4%Graph%H4%
- %JL%has slab serifs which makes good paragraph headings and helps readability at small point
- %JR%sizes. Some people prefer London, %H4%Garamond%H4%, a serifed font, to %H4%Times%H4% particularly for stylish
- subheadings.
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- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@Small Point Sizes
- %JR%Consider an m or H. As the character size is reduced the size of the printed dot (say a 300th
- %JL%of an inch) becomes a significant proportion of the thickness of the legs. The character will
- %JR%look wrong if the legs are of different thicknesses; Acorn’s font manager makes use of local
- %JL%links between the legs to keep them the same thickness. Similarly, a word will look uneven if
- %JR%adjacent letters (eg a double tt) are not matched in the same way by global links from letter to
- %JL%letter. Very thin letters in light or book must have at least one dot everywhere or parts of
- %JR%letters will be lost. Acorn’s method is to introduce skeleton lines within each letter which,
- %JL%however thin, are always printed. Acorn have designed their new font manager to look for
- %JR%and make use of these skeleton lines, the local and global links. All the fonts I have named up
- %JL%to now have been designed with skeleton lines and with local and global links so they do print
- %JR%well even at sizes as low as 8 point. In spite of all that can be done by linking adjacent letters
- %JL%this way, choice of typeface is a more important factor. Some typefaces like French, %H4%Lubalin%H4%
- %JR%%H4%Graph%H4%, with slab serifs, look better and are easier to read at say 6 point than ones with more
- %JL%ornate serifs such as %H4%Times%H4%. In part the reason for this is symmetry but also the body part (eg
- %JR%the curved part of a b) is a greater proportion of the point size. This makes some fonts appear
- %JL%larger than others at the same point size. Look at figure 1 and compare %H4%Optima%H4%, %H4%Lubalin
- Graph%H4%, %H4%Helvetica%H4% and %H4%Brush Script%H4% all at the same point size (approximately 8.5 point).
-
- %JR%I have looked carefully at the Acorn and EFF fonts and both are quite good. I have noticed a
- %JL%global linking fault which appears at 11 point with Acorn Trinity but I have yet to find
- %JR%anything badly wrong with EFF’s fonts. I have spoken to Dr Edward Detyna of EFF and, if
- %JL%%H4%you%H4% find anything wrong let him know, he will put it right and you’ll get a free upgrade. Who
- do I get in touch with at Acorn?
-
- %JR%Figure 1 shows some text and mathematical symbols. The text contains SwissB, %H4%Helvetica%H4%,
- %JL%from the Ovation demonstration disc mixed with Homerton, %H4%Helvetica%H4% from Acorn—I bet you
- %JR%can’t tell which is which. The remainder, Oxford, %H4%Optima%H4%, French, %H4%Lubalin%H4% %H4%Graph%H4%, Tamsin,
- %JL%%H4%Brush%H4% %H4%Script%H4% and others, including the MathGreek symbols are from EFF. I must add that
- %JR%more than three typefaces in a document tends to look ‘fussy’ and needs a lot of
- %JL%justification—my justification is that I want to show you a wide range of different
- typefaces—as a rule don’t do it!
- %P0%
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- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@Fonts for Special Sizes
- %JR%%H4%Times%H4% really is used by the Times newspaper for their headlines but a slightly different version
- %JL%of this typeface, called %H4%Times Ten%H4% is used for their body text. The %H4%Ten%H4% indicates that the font is
- %JR%specially designed to look good at ten point. Now I’m not suggesting that you get a different
- %JL%version of %H4%Times%H4% for every point size you are thinking of using, but, if you do print a lot of
- %H4%Times%H4% text at ten point then you should consider changing from %H4%Times%H4% to %H4%Times Ten%H4%.
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- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@Large Point Sizes
- %JR%Whilst hinting and scaffolding links are important at small point sizes, at large point sizes the
- %JL%smooth and balanced curvature of the characters is more important. Thus well balanced
- %JR%curvatures are important for the decorative fonts used in posters, letterheads, business cards
- %JL%and the title pages of reports. A word like ‘hung’ must have the curvatures of the h, u and n
- %JR%matched and balanced, the curvatures of the different parts of the g must balance. At large
- point sizes any imbalance is noticeable and makes the letters look ugly or kinky!
-
- %JR%Acorn’s upright fonts are better than their italic and oblique fonts. EFF have been more
- %JL%adventurous and have some excellent decorative fonts. They have designed their fonts on a
- %JR%larger grid than Acorn so that the smoothness and balance of the characters is maintained even
- %JL%for those parts where the radius of curvature is small and changing rapidly. Have a look at
- figure 2.
-
- %JR%A poster should be designed with a font that attracts and heightens the experience of the
- %JL%reader. For example, an invitation to a Halloween party might use a headline in Horror, or a
- %JR%cocktail party might use the Soho font. Figure 2 is a poster made using ten different EFF
- %JL%decorative fonts (and Dingbats) and so the overall effect is rather overpowering and one font
- %JR%detracts from another. I have tried to group them as Mike & Hot Dog; Horror, Sword & Ice
- Pick; Fancy Dress and Xmas to lessen this effect but without too much success.
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- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@!Draw Disc Files
- %JR%How can you find out what a font will look like on your printer? Text entered into a !Draw
- %JL%file through the style menu will appear in a font %H4%only%H4% if you have that font present. However,
- %JR%by importing characters into a !Draw file using !FontFX, the outlines are held in !Draw file
- %JL%format and, whilst you lose the scaffolding links, you do retain all the balance of the outline. I
- %JR%do have quite a range of fonts (but by no means everything available) and so, if you send me a
- %JL%blank formatted disc, a sticky label and a stamp, I will send you a !Draw file containing a few
- %JR%letters (the name of the font) from each font I have. You will be able to scale these few
- %JL%characters to a larger or smaller size. If you have one of the version 1.12 printer drivers
- %JR%(RISC OS 2.00 Extras Disc) then you will be able to print the !Draw file on your printer and
- %JL%see how it looks. When you have done that you will be better able to make an decision about
- buying a particular font.
-
- %JR%A price list and a catalogue showing all EFF’s fonts printed on a Cannon BJ-130 are available
- from: The Electronic Font Foundry, Bridge House, 18 Brockenhurst Road, Ascot SL5 9DL.
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- @F:Homerton.Bold,10@!FontFX & !FontEd Compatibility
- %JR%Finally, although you can use !FontFX with all the fonts named above to turn them into !Draw
- %JL%files you can %H4%not%H4% use Acorn’s !FontEd to take apart and rebuild EFF’s fonts. The other fonts
- %JR%named in this article can be studied with !FontEd but you have to have a lot of expertise as
- well as patience if you want to make a new font this way!
- %CO:B,8,64%%CO:C,8,56%%CO:D,8,48%%CO:E,8,40%%CO:F,8,32%%CO:G,8,24%@F:Homerton.Medium.Oblique,8@Copyright
- @F:Homerton.Medium.Oblique,8@Author
- @F:Homerton.Medium.Oblique,8@Date
- %CO:H,8,16%%L%@F:Homerton.Medium.Oblique,8@: ABACUS TRAINING
- %L%@F:Homerton.Medium.Oblique,8@: G L Fitton
- %L%@F:Homerton.Medium.Oblique,8@: 4th August 1990
- %CO:I,8,8%